Empathic design, a day in the life of a customer, lead user analysis, and management of customer touch points are all practical ways for managers to see customers' needs and respond with new product and service benefits that will add to customer value and raise the business's customer satisfaction index.

In contrast, the channel intermediaries who sell manufacturers' products to end user assess customer value derived from marketing a product based on the margin it produces per square foot of space, inventory turnover, and the marketing expenses associated with promoting the product.


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